Aim: The protective effect of vitamin E (vit E) on cadmium (Cd) induced oxidative stress was studied in the blood of rats. Methods: The rats were randomly divided in to three experimental groups: Control, Cd treated and Cd + vit E treated, each containing 10 animals. The Cd treated and Cd + vit E treated groups were injected subcutaneously daily with CdCl2 dissolved in isotonic NaCl in the amount of 2 mL/kg for 20 days, resulting in a dosage of 0.49 mg Cd/kg/d. In addition, Cd + vit E treated group received intramuscular injection of 150 mg/kg vit E until the end of the study. Results: Cd treatment increased significantly malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and the antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) in plasma and erythrocytes compared to the control group. Cd + vit E treatment, decreased significantly elevated MDA levels in plasma and erythrocyte and also reduced significantly the enhanced antioxidant levels. Cd treatment increased significantly the activity of iron levels in the plasma compared to the control group. Cd + vit E treatment, decreased the activity of iron levels in the plasma compared to the Cd treated group. In the control group, the histology of erythrocytes was normal. In Cd treated group, there was marked membrane destruction and there were hemolytic changes in erythrocytes. In Cd + vit E treated group, these changes were less than Cd treated group. Conclussion: Our results show that vit E exerts a protective effect against cadmium toxicity.