ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Investigating kidney function changes in young adults with COVID-19: Serum creatinine level, glomerular filtration rate, and biochemical profile analysis
 
More details
Hide details
1
Department of Nursing, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, RUSSIA
 
2
Department of Pharmacy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, RUSSIA
 
3
Department of Polyclinic Therapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine named after N. V. Sklifosovsky, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, RUSSIA
 
4
Department of 2nd Hospital Therapy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, RUSSIA
 
5
College of Medicine, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
 
 
Online publication date: 2023-10-02
 
 
Publication date: 2023-11-01
 
 
Electron J Gen Med 2023;20(6):em547
 
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
The study’s objective was to comprehensively assess kidney function alterations in patients with COVID-19. The study was carried out in Moscow (Russia) in 2021. 100 patients of 19-30 years old (51 females and 49 males) took part in the survey. The study collected participant data on basal urine, serum creatinine, and estimated glomerular filtration rate from medical histories before COVID-19 infection. COVID-19 diagnosis (delta strain) was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction test. Serum creatinine was measured, considering age and race. Micro-albuminuria levels from daily urine samples were established. Laboratory blood tests included quantitative indices of blood-forming elements, hemoglobin levels, and biochemical parameters. Based on the results, the study observed a slight increase in serum creatinine levels after COVID-19 infection, with concentrations of 78.4±6.4 mmol/L before infection and 87.5±7.7 mmol/L after the disease (p≥0.05). The microalbuminuria-creatinine ratio also showed an increase. The glomerular filtration rate in renal glomeruli declined from 93.3±10.1 mL/min/1.73 m2 before infection to 78.9±8.7 mL/min/1.73 m2 after the disease (p≥0.05). These findings suggest a trend towards decreased kidney function in young patients with moderate COVID-19 severity. However, normoalbuminuric compared to creatinine was significantly higher than normal after COVID-19. Urine tests indicated a trend of decreased renal glomerular filtration rate. Clinical symptoms included high temperature, weakness, cough, and, in some cases, liquid stools. Laboratory findings revealed significant deviations in hematocrit, neutrophil, and eosinophil concentrations. Parallel tests focusing on cystatin C and beta-2 macroglobulin are recommended to assess kidney function and identify potential dysfunction.
 
REFERENCES (34)
1.
Cheng Y, Luo R, Wang K, et al. Kidney disease is associated with in-hospital death of patients with COVID-19. Kidney Int. 2020;97(5):829-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint... PMid:32247631 PMCid:PMC7110296.
 
2.
Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497-506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-... PMid:31986264.
 
3.
Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG, et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature. 2020;579(7798):270-3. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586... PMid:32015507 PMCid:PMC7095418.
 
4.
Li W, Moore MJ, Vasilieva N, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus. Nature. 2003;426:450-4. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature... PMid:14647384 PMCid:PMC7095016.
 
5.
Zou X, Chen K, Zou J, Han P, Hao J, Han Z. Single-cell RNA-seq data analysis on the receptor ACE2 expression reveals the potential risk of different human organs vulnerable to 2019-nCoV infection. Front Med. 2020;14(2):185-92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684... PMid:32170560 PMCid:PMC7088738.
 
6.
Xiao F, Tang M, Zheng X, Liu Y, Li X, Shan H. Evidence for gastrointestinal infection of SARS-CoV-2. Gastroenterology. 2020;158(6):1831-33.e3. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gast... PMid:32142773 PMCid:PMC7130181.
 
7.
Henry BM, Lippi G. Chronic kidney disease is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Int Urol Nephrol. 2020;52(6):1193-4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255... PMid:32222883 PMCid:PMC7103107.
 
8.
Wang X, Fang X, Cai Z, et al. Comorbid chronic diseases and acute organ injuries are strongly correlated with disease severity and mortality among COVID-19 patients: A systemic review and meta-analysis. Research (Wash D C). 2020;2020:2402961. https://doi.org/10.34133/2020/... PMid:32377638 PMCid:PMC7187729.
 
9.
Guan GW, Gao L, Wang JW, et al. Exploring the mechanism of liver enzyme abnormalities in patients with novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi. 2020;28(2):100-6. https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.....
 
10.
Oyelade T, Alqahtani J, Canciani G. Prognosis of COVID-19 in patients with liver and kidney diseases: An early systematic review and meta-analysis. Trop Med Infect Dis. 2020;5(2):80. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropic... PMid:32429038 PMCid:PMC7345004.
 
11.
Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020;323(11):1061-9. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2... PMid:32031570 PMCid:PMC7042881.
 
12.
Shahid Z, Kalayanamitra R, McClafferty B, et al. COVID-19 and older adults: What we know. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2020;68(5):926-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16... PMid:32255507 PMCid:PMC7262251.
 
13.
International Society of Nephrology. COVID-19. Available at: https://www.theisn.org/covid-1... (Accessed: 2 May 2023).
 
14.
Richardson S, Hirsch JS, Narasimhan M, et al. Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York City area. JAMA. 2020;323(20):2052-9. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2... PMid:32320003 PMCid:PMC7177629.
 
15.
Fanelli V, Fiorentino M, Cantaluppi V, et al. Acute kidney injury in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Crit Care. 2020; 24(1):155. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054... PMid:32299479 PMCid:PMC7161433.
 
16.
Rabb H. Kidney diseases in the time of COVID-19: Major challenges to patient care. J Clin Invest. 2020;130(6):2749-51. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI138... PMid:32250968 PMCid:PMC7259985.
 
17.
Nasr SH, Kopp JB. COVID-19-associated collapsing glomerulopathy: An emerging entity. Kidney Int Rep. 2020; 5(6):759-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ekir... PMid:32368701 PMCid:PMC7196556.
 
18.
Liu Y, Yang Y, Zhang C, et al. Clinical and biochemical indexes from 2019-nCoV infected patients linked to viral loads and lung injury. Sci China Life Sci. 2020;63(3):364-74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427... PMid:32048163 PMCid:PMC7088566.
 
19.
Van den Akker JP, Egal M, Groeneveld AB. Invasive mechanical ventilation as a risk factor for acute kidney injury in the critically ill: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care. 2013;17(3):R98. https://doi.org/10.1186/cc1274... PMid:23710662 PMCid:PMC3706893.
 
20.
Li Y, Yang S, Peng D, et al. Predictive value of serum cystatin C for risk of mortality in severe and critically ill patients with COVID-19. World J Clin Cases. 2020;8(20):4726-34. https://doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.... PMid:33195640 PMCid:PMC7642558.
 
21.
Chugunova OL, Grebenkina EY, Usenko DV, et al. Significance of cystatin C and various techniques for calculating glomerular filtration rate in assessing renal function abnormalities in children with acute intestinal infections. Almanac Clin Med. 2021;49(3):196-206. https://doi.org/10.18786/2072-....
 
22.
Stevens LA, Padala S, Levey AS. Advances in glomerular filtration rate-estimating equations. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2010;19:298-307. https://doi.org/10.1097/MNH.0b... PMid:20393287 PMCid:PMC3192437.
 
23.
Li Z, Wu M, Yao J, et al. Caution on kidney dysfunctions of COVID-19 patients. medRxiv; 2020;1:1-25. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.0....
 
24.
Zhumabayev R, Zhumabayeva G, Kapanova G, Tulepbekova N, Akhmetzhan A, Grjibovski A. Quality of life in children with cochlear implants in Kazakhstan. BMC Pediatr. 2022;22(1):194. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887... PMid:35410192 PMCid:PMC8996533.
 
25.
Sidorko TN, Sarybaeva GK, Kapanova GZh, Zhusupov BS. Questionnaire survey as a method to improve organisation of nutrition in a school café. Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii. 2018;16(2):66-9. https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-....
 
26.
Xiang HX, Fei J, Xiang Y, et al. Renal dysfunction and prognosis of COVID-19 patients: A hospital-based retrospective cohort study. BMC Infect Dis. 2021;21(1):158. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879... PMid:33557785 PMCid:PMC7868870.
 
27.
Ronco C, Reis T, Husain-Syed F. Management of acute kidney injury in patients with COVID-19. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(7):738-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-... PMid:32416769.
 
28.
Chueh TI, Zheng CM, Hou YC, Lu KC. Novel evidence of acute kidney injury in COVID-19. J Clin Med. 2020;9(11):3547. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm911... PMid:33153216 PMCid:PMC7692179.
 
29.
Yelchibayeva A, Ryskulova AG, Baimuratova M, Kapanova G, Sharipova G, Maksutova A. Analysis of financial and economic aspects of company functioning and their influence on the tourist cluster. J Environ Manage Tour. 2021;12(8):2157-67.
 
30.
Werion A, Belkhir L, Perrot M, Schmit G, Aydin S, Chen Z, et al. SARS-CoV-2 causes a specific dysfunction of the kidney proximal tubule. Kidney Int. 2020;98(5):1296-307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint... PMid:32791255 PMCid:PMC7416689.
 
31.
Wang L, Li X, Chen H, et al. Coronavirus disease 19 infection does not result in acute kidney injury: An analysis of 116 hospitalized patients from Wuhan, China. Am J Nephrol. 2020;51(5):343-8. https://doi.org/10.1159/000507... PMid:32229732 PMCid:PMC7179524.
 
32.
De Oliveira MMD, do Couto Dias E, da Silva PL, de Magalhães-Neto AM, Gonçalves LCO. COVID-19 and kidney disease: The role of nurses. World J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2021;10(08):2540-59.
 
33.
Khang AR, Lee MJ, Yi D, Kang YH. The ratio of estimated glomerular filtration rate based on cystatin c and creatinine reflecting cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients. Diabetes Metab J. 2023;47(3):415-25. https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.20... PMid:36872062 PMCid:PMC10244204.
 
34.
Zhou J, Li Y, Kong C, Li Y, Liang Y. Assessment of the effects of SARS-Cov-2 infection on multiple organs using laboratory indices. Al-Kindy Coll Med J. 2021;17(2):73-8. https://doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.....
 
eISSN:2516-3507
Journals System - logo
Scroll to top