Current issue
Archive
About the Journal
About us
Aims and Scope
Indexing and Abstracting
Editorial Office
Open Access Policy
Publication Ethics
Contact
For Authors
Editorial Policy
Peer Review Policy
Manuscript Preparation Guidelines
Copyright & Licensing
Publication Fees
Fast-Track Paper Publication Option
Conflict Interest Guidance
Submit an Article
Special Issues
News & Editorials
“Fake,” “Predatory,” and “Pseudo” Journals: Charlatans Threatening Trust in Science
Shifting the Journal submission-review system to the Editorial System Manuscript December 27, 2017.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Personal Protective Measures Among the Southeastern Iranian Population During the COVID-19 Pandemic
1
Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IRAN
2
Islamic Azad University, Zahedan Branch, Zahedan, IRAN
3
Department of Educational Sciences, Farhangian University, Tehran, IRAN
4
Department of Psychiatry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IRAN
Publication date: 2022-03-03
Electron J Gen Med 2022;19(3):em367
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
The main focus of our study was on prevalence and potential explanatory factors related to personal protective measures (e.g., face mask wearing and physical distancing) in the southeastern Iranian population during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
Methods:
A total of 351 participants in southeastern Iran were examined in this cross-sectional study using self-report scales of personality traits, COVID-19 risk perception, face mask wearing, physical distancing, and public trust. The data were analyzed by SPSS v25 software at the significance level of p<0.05.
Results:
Descriptive statistics showed that the prevalence rates of COVID-19 risk perception and face mask wearing among participants were 76.4% and 77.8%, respectively. In addition, 59.6% of participants reported that they maintained an adequate distance when communicating with others; 41.9% acknowledged that they did not allow relatives and friends to visit them at home; 46.8% said they preferred to stay at home and not go outside unless necessary. Furthermore, multiple regression analysis revealed that older age, being female, lower levels of neuroticism and higher levels of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, COVID-19 risk perception, and public trust were associated with higher adherence to personal protective measures.
Conclusions:
These results emphasized the importance of individual differences in reacting to the COVID-19 pandemic and provided essential information about related factors of personal protective measures. However, further investigations should be carried out due to inconsistent findings concerning the roles of age, gender, education, income, and neuroticism in adopting personal protective measures.
The main focus of our study was on prevalence and potential explanatory factors related to personal protective measures (e.g., face mask wearing and physical distancing) in the southeastern Iranian population during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
Methods:
A total of 351 participants in southeastern Iran were examined in this cross-sectional study using self-report scales of personality traits, COVID-19 risk perception, face mask wearing, physical distancing, and public trust. The data were analyzed by SPSS v25 software at the significance level of p<0.05.
Results:
Descriptive statistics showed that the prevalence rates of COVID-19 risk perception and face mask wearing among participants were 76.4% and 77.8%, respectively. In addition, 59.6% of participants reported that they maintained an adequate distance when communicating with others; 41.9% acknowledged that they did not allow relatives and friends to visit them at home; 46.8% said they preferred to stay at home and not go outside unless necessary. Furthermore, multiple regression analysis revealed that older age, being female, lower levels of neuroticism and higher levels of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, COVID-19 risk perception, and public trust were associated with higher adherence to personal protective measures.
Conclusions:
These results emphasized the importance of individual differences in reacting to the COVID-19 pandemic and provided essential information about related factors of personal protective measures. However, further investigations should be carried out due to inconsistent findings concerning the roles of age, gender, education, income, and neuroticism in adopting personal protective measures.
REFERENCES (35)
1.
Díaz E, Menéndez RA, Cortés PV, et al. Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: Narrative review of the working group in infectious diseases and sepsis (GTEIS) and the working groups in transfusions and blood products (GTTH). Med Intensiva (Engl Ed). 2021;45(2):104-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medi... PMid:32854988 PMCid:PMC7833076.
2.
Dadras O, Alinaghi SA, Karimi A, et al. Effects of COVID-19 prevention procedures on other common infections: A systematic review. Eur J Med Res. 2021;26(1):67. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001... PMid:34217366 PMCid:PMC8253677.
3.
Wong SH, Teoh JY, Leung CH, et al. COVID-19 and public interest in face mask use. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020;202(3):453-5. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.2... PMid:32539430 PMCid:PMC7397798.
4.
Khosravi M. Candidate psychotropics against SARS–CoV–2: A narrative review. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2022;55(1):16-23. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1551... PMid:34399430.
5.
Shen M, Zu J, Fairley CK, et al. Projected COVID-19 epidemic in the United States in the context of the effectiveness of a potential vaccine and implications for social distancing and face mask use. Vaccine. 2021;39(16):2295-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacc... PMid:33771391 PMCid:PMC7914016.
6.
Leung NH, Chu DK, Shiu EY, et al. Respiratory virus shedding in exhaled breath and efficacy of face masks. Nat Med. 2020;26(5):676-80. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591... PMid:32371934 PMCid:PMC8238571.
7.
Khosravi M. Perceived risk of COVID-19 pandemic: The role of public worry and trust. Electron J Gen Med. 2020;17(4):em203. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/....
8.
Alford J. Open data hub launches to track global responses to COVID-19. Available at: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/new....
9.
Rahimi Z, Shirali GA, Araban M, Javad Mohammadi M, Cheraghian B. Mask use among pedestrians during the Covid-19 pandemic in Southwest Iran: An observational study on 10,440 people. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1):133. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889... PMid:33446172 PMCid:PMC7807226.
10.
Abdelrahman M. Personality traits, risk perception, and protective behaviors of Arab residents of Qatar during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2020;1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469... PMid:32837433 PMCid:PMC7307935.
11.
Ye M, Lyu Z. Trust, risk perception, and COVID-19 infections: Evidence from multilevel analyses of combined original dataset in China. Soc Sci Med. 2020;265:113517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socs... PMid:33218890 PMCid:PMC7654228.
12.
Almutairi AF, BaniMustafa AA, Alessa YM, Almutairi SB, Almaleh Y. Public trust and compliance with the precautionary measures against COVID-19 employed by authorities in Saudi Arabia. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2020;13:753-60. https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S... PMid:32753988 PMCid:PMC7354916.
13.
Mohammadi MR, Zarafshan H, Bashi SK, Mohammadi F, Khaleghi A. The role of public trust and media in the psychological and behavioral responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Iran J Psychiatry. 2020;15(3):189-204. https://doi.org/10.18502/ijps.... PMid:33193767 PMCid:PMC7603593.
14.
Ayalon L. Trust and compliance with COVID-19 preventive behaviors during the pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(5):2643. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph... PMid:33807977 PMCid:PMC7967340.
15.
Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A. G* power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 2009;41(4):1149-60. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41... PMid:19897823.
16.
Goodyear MD, Krleza-Jeric K, Lemmens T. The declaration of Helsinki. BMJ. 2007;335(7621):624-5. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39... PMid:17901471 PMCid:PMC1995496.
17.
Mohammadzadeh A, Najafi M. Validating of the big five inventory (BFI-10): A very brief measure of the five factor personality model. Q Educnl Meas. 2010;1(2):117-30.
18.
Gholipour A, Pirannezhad A. Explanation of four-dimensional model of justice in development of self-efficacy in educational institutions. J Hum Sci. 2007;53:357-74.
19.
Cartaud A, Quesque F, Coello Y. Wearing a face mask against COVID-19 results in a reduction of social distancing. PLoS One. 2020;15(12):e0243023. https://doi.org/10.1371/journa... PMid:33284812 PMCid:PMC7721169.
20.
Aranguren M. Face mask use conditionally decreases compliance with physical distancing rules against COVID-19: Gender differences in risk compensation pattern. Ann Behav Med. 2021;kaab072. https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/ka... PMid:34397085.
21.
Grundmann F, Epstude K, Scheibe S. Face masks reduce emotion-recognition accuracy and perceived closeness. PLoS One. 2021;16(4):e0249792. https://doi.org/10.1371/journa... PMid:33891614 PMCid:PMC8064590.
22.
Moran KR, Del Valle SY. A meta-analysis of the association between gender and protective behaviors in response to respiratory epidemics and pandemics. PLoS One. 2016;11(10):e0164541. https://doi.org/10.1371/journa... PMid:27768704 PMCid:PMC5074573.
23.
Bish A, Michie S. Demographic and attitudinal determinants of protective behaviours during a pandemic: A review. Br J Health Psychol. 2010;15(4):797-824. https://doi.org/10.1348/135910... PMid:20109274 PMCid:PMC7185452.
24.
Brouard S, Vasilopoulos P, Becher M. Sociodemographic and psychological correlates of compliance with the COVID-19 public health measures in France. Can J Pol Sci. 2020;53(2):253-8. https://doi.org/10.1017/S00084... PMCid:PMC7203163.
25.
Sinicrope PS, Maciejko LA, Fox JM, et al. Factors associated with willingness to wear a mask to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in a Midwestern Community. Prev Med Rep. 2021;24:101543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmed... PMid:34493965 PMCid:PMC8411589.
26.
Capraro V, Barcelo H. The effect of messaging and gender on intentions to wear a face covering to slow down COVID-19 transmission. J Behav Econ Pol. 2020;4(S2):45-55. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.i....
27.
Pasion R, Paiva TO, Fernandes C, Barbosa F. The AGE effect on protective behaviors during the COVID-19 outbreak: Sociodemographic, perceptions and psychological accounts. Front Psychol. 2020;11:561785. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.... PMid:33178069 PMCid:PMC7595956.
28.
Ceccato I, Palumbo R, Di Crosta A, et al. Age-related differences in the perception of COVID-19 emergency during the Italian outbreak. Aging Ment Health. 2021;25(7):1305-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/136078... PMid:33291987.
29.
Clark C, Davila A, Regis M, Kraus S. Predictors of COVID-19 voluntary compliance behaviors: An international investigation. Glob Transit. 2020;2:76-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.glt.... PMid:32835202 PMCid:PMC7318969.
30.
Daoust JF. Elderly people and responses to COVID-19 in 27 countries. PLoS One. 2020;15(7):e0235590. https://doi.org/10.1371/journa... PMid:32614889 PMCid:PMC7332014.
31.
Khosravi M. Neuroticism as a marker of vulnerability to COVID-19 infection. Psychiatry Investig. 2020;17(7):710-1. https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.20... PMid:32654438 PMCid:PMC7385216.
32.
Zajenkowski M, Jonason PK, Leniarska M, Kozakiewicz Z. Who complies with the restrictions to reduce the spread of COVID-19? Personality and perceptions of the COVID-19 situation. Pers Individ Dif. 2020;166:110199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid... PMid:32565591 PMCid:PMC7296320.
33.
Cowling BJ, Ng DM, Ip DK, et al. Community psychological and behavioral responses through the first wave of the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic in Hong Kong. J Infect Dis. 2010;202:867-76. https://doi.org/10.1086/655811 PMid:20677945.
34.
van der Weerd W, Timmermans DR, Beaujean DJ, Oudhoff J, Van Steenbergen JE. Monitoring the level of government trust, risk perception and intention of the general public to adopt protective measures during the influenza A (H1N1) pandemic in the Netherlands. BMC Public Health. 2011;11:575. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2... PMid:21771296 PMCid:PMC3152536.
35.
Siegrist M, Zingg A. The role of public trust during pandemics. Eur Psychol. 2014;19(1):23-32. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9....
Share
RELATED ARTICLE
| eISSN: | 2516-3507 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
